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石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別 普(pu)通(tong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)由(you)蜂窩狀排列的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面碳(tan)原(yuan)子堆積(ji)層(ceng)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)棒(bang)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)真(zhen)空(kong)爐的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱體，最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)使用(yong)溫(wen)度可(ke)(ke)(ke)達3000℃，在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)下易于(yu)氧化(hua)，除(chu)真(zhen)空(kong)外，只能在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)性氣(qi)氛(fen)或(huo)還(huan)原(yuan)性氣(qi)氛(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱膨(peng)脹系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)較(jiao)小(xiao)，熱導率(lv)較(jiao)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)（8~13）×10-6 Ω·m，加(jia)工(gong)性較(jiao)SiC、MoSi2棒(bang)好，耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)，耐(nai)極冷(leng)極熱性好，價格(ge)(ge)較(jiao)便宜。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極主要以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油焦、針狀焦為(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)料，煤瀝青作結合劑，經煅燒、配料、混(hun)捏、壓型、焙燒、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)化(hua)、機加(jia)工(gong)而(er)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧爐中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧形式(shi)釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能對爐料進行加(jia)熱熔化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導體，根據其質量指(zhi)標高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)普(pu)通(tong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和(he)(he)超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極主要包括普(pu)通(tong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極、抗氧化(hua)涂層(ceng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及超(chao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極四類(lei)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)塊一(yi)種人(ren)造(zao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，而(er)人(ren)造(zao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)焦類(lei)產品人(ren)工(gong)加(jia)熱等工(gong)藝制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)般(ban)如果提(ti)純做高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純，或(huo)者(zhe)做碳(tan)纖維的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)附加(jia)值(zhi)就(jiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)了。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)間力(li)較(jiao)弱，容易相互剝離(li)(li)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)。 當薄片(pian)被(bei)剝離(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)層(ceng)時，只有(you)一(yi)個碳(tan)原(yuan)子厚度的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)層(ceng)是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)， 這在(zai)2004年出現(xian)在(zai)實驗室中(zhong)(zhong)，當時兩位英(ying)國科學家AndreJem和(he)(he)KostyaNovoselov發現(xian)，他們可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)一(yi)種非常(chang)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法來獲得越來越薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)。 他們將石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)從石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)上剝離(li)(li)，然后(hou)將石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩側粘(zhan)在(zai)一(yi)條特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)膠帶(dai)上，撕開膠帶(dai)，將石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)一(yi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)二。 它(ta)一(yi)直這樣工(gong)作，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薄片(pian)越來越薄，最后(hou)它(ta)們得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄片(pian)只有(you)一(yi)層(ceng)碳(tan)原(yuan)子，即石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)被(bei)證明(ming)是(shi)世界上最薄、最堅硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個特點是(shi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子不僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)晶格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)無阻礙地移(yi)動，而(er)且移(yi)動得非常(chang)快，遠遠超(chao)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子在(zai)金屬(shu)導體或(huo)半導體中(zhong)(zhong)移(yi)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度。 此外，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導熱系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)超(chao)過所(suo)有(you)已知物(wu)質。